Highlights from the Archives

“Always happy” (10.07.2007). Exploring the relationship between photography and authority. The GDR authorities insisted that their citizens should always be depicted smiling. Read more…

“The right background: new freedoms” (11.09.07). The need to choose the ‘right’ visual background reveals the increasing anxiety felt by those representing our malleable reality, from the Taliban to the White House. Read more…

“More photography = more democracy?” (15.06.07). Recent violent incidents in Hyde Park, Leeds’ student area, raised questions about controversial methods of policing and the alleged democratic potential of photography. Read more…

But how photography managed to become critical and subversive within GDR’s political setting? Read more in the post “Do not refreeze” (27.07.2007). Considering how our context and definitions are different now, could photography claim a similar social and political role?

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You-knee-tea Day

…as some of my friends call it, or ‘Unity Day’ if you prefer its official name, is an annual event taking place in Hyde Park, Leeds. According to the organisers’ website, it is “a day of celebration for the local community to show the best of whom we are. The community had lost a local Pub, the ‘Newlands’ through riots in 1995, which attracted intense national media coverage and this led to a negative portrayal of the area which we as a community had to come to terms with ourselves. Hyde Park Unity Day is an association of individuals who give their time and talents freely to create a day celebrating our area and our diversity.”

Hyde Park Unity Day is a series of events leading to a 12 hour day of “celebration for the community and visitors of Leeds 6″. Photos from last Sunday 17 August 2008. (All photos & text © Christos Stavrou. All rights reserved)

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The terror of mundane theatricality

The entrance hall of the Museum of the Revolution © Philippe Chancel

We know all about terror in the West. It is imprinted well deep in our bones and histories.

We have inflicted it to all the ‘new’ lands, to the people we named Indians, all around the African coasts with their free slaves. We instilled it all the way down to our own soul and our own populations; then we re-discovered it in the external enemy.

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art & culture

London streets

Couple of months ago a friend asked me, what is culture?

Few days later on, he offered a cold beer and asked me again. I hesitated to reply both times. I think that he was wondering about those early humans in caves drawing hunting scenes on the walls. Of course, I thought, this was culture. All systems of ideas and practices; all different beliefs and norms are culture(s), like any school text writes… Now, however, if someone attempts to make distinctions between ‘high’ and ‘low’ culture, as if some type of culture is not really culture, things start to look tricky. But honestly, this distinction is no more than a cultural imposition itself. Incidentally, but not surprisingly, one kind of distinction which is traditionally loved by both conservative and left speakers…

Culture is nevertheless relational. I wanted to point out this. It makes sense in relation to something else and other… thus, we may need to talk about cultures rather than culture… But then I forgot all about his question, lost – as usually – in the multiple threads starting out of another little and ‘simple’ question… I am simply not sure what culture is…

Only recently, I came across a published editorial by Ivan Mecl, which made me think about it again and which I want to share here. It was published in the latest issue of Umelec, an international art and culture magazine (English version, Vol. 12, 1-2008, published by Divus.cz)

All photographs accompanying this article are taken during one of my recent ‘cultural’ trips to London.

“We work like old people, yet we behave like children more than ever before. We surround ourselves with mobile miracles, and therefore we have no idea what we are dealing with. We try to live in safety, and yet we do not know what it means to be safe. Many of us have lost time, but acquired “things.” We love “things” and their names sound nice to us. We love them, but they do not love us. We are impressed by their being changed, and unhappy by their loss. We are unhappy and with no time to spare from unrequited love, and always on the move.”

The moment art changed forever… But what moment exactly was that?Tate Modern: ‘The moment art changed forever’… But which moment exactly was that? Now, then, when?

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the fork

Andre Kertesz, Fork, 1928

A photograph of a fork by Andre Kertesz (Paris, 1928). A fork and a plate are transformed, from two simple and overlooked items of everyday life into a new reality – a mysterious experience, a formal poetry.

An image that easily captures attention and stays long in memory. Maybe because we didn’t expect such a performance from the mundane and the taken for granted around us. Kertesz has masterly simplified here into an abstraction that take us by surprise. Maybe because we sense – reluctantly – that the fork hides so much about us. Things which reflect forms of social life and ways of individual self-discipline, entailed in the development of modern manners.

“My wife remembers vividly her first encounter with Norbert in Cambridge when he talked about the history of the fork and used this simple clue to analyse the process of civilization” wrote A. Glucksmann in an introduction to Norbert Elias’s work.

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‘Candidate with a cane’

A news photograph of F.D. Roosevelt, circulated in 1928, four years before he was first elected as a president, shows a well-dressed man in a confident posture. It is visually demonstrating his ‘good standing’ to the electorate. But otherwise, it could easily pass as an unremarkable photograph among many other official photos of politicians. ‘Candidate with a cane’ could be the generic title as Sally Stein remarks in a recent article (2006).

Roosevelt 1928

But on closer inspection, the viewer might discover a well hidden second cane which provides support to Roosevelt’s impaired body. Since 1922, he was not able to stand or walk without external form of help.

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Fundamentalisms

There is one video – linked in my last post – that keeps coming back in my mind. I am talking about that tv clip showing how the sculptor Cosimo Cavallaro got attacked by a representative of a religious group, who in the name of their version of Catholicism and rigid moral order, launched a series of bullying tactics and threatening acts against everyone associated with Cavallaro’s work: a statue of Jesus made by chocolate.

The scandalous point for that religious group was not its chocolate nature of course. It was its anatomically correct representation.

I’m glad that Cosimo Cavallaro has eloquently exposed the morally and conceptually empty stance of his attacker during the TV interview. Yet, if the latter believes that this is “one of the worst assaults against Christian sensibilities ever”, (as reported in the news), an assumption which he then conveniently uses as a pretext in order to justify a wave of violent reactions; should we overlook with disdain his behaviour for obviously manipulating reality and ends, or start worrying about the state of our political thought and the undermined role of art?

I am wondering how to perceive this whole incidence. For example, as evidence of some remaining parochial figures which keep providing a source of identification for easily-led authoritarian personalities? Or, given their apparent capacity to terrorise, to threaten with violence or enforce economic boycotts, is this evidence of the continuing political power and effectiveness of extreme right-wing groups and their discourses?

For many, this represents a kind of anachronism within modern society. Certainly, an example of its current contradictions. Many sociologists, such as Giddens, have viewed these groups in terms of modern fundamentalisms. They try to defend tradition but in such a rigid way that they refuse public dialogue and examination of their ‘truths’. Nevertheless, as it is asserted, we live in times and places where truths have to be decided. Consequently, these fundamentalist movements, following religious, national or other traditional discourses, could often lead to violence, as in our example here.

Violence is in the air, no doubt about it. Although, I would say that this violence arises, not only from the non-dialogic position of such traditional groups (of religion, nation, sexuality, gender, etc), but also from the emotion-based and non-rationally understood reactions of the threatened individuals which comprise them. (In other words, their intolerance might not be responsive to rational approaches, and it seems to me this is the case here too).

Now, whether these individuals of fundamentalist groups face real or actually imaginary threats  to their beliefs and identities, which they seem capable to push them into insular and defensive positions, could be the next big question. In other words, is there really any threat to Christian religion by a chocolate statue made of the anatomically correct features? Or, some groups and individuals use such instances as a pretext to cover up their psychological inability to face bigger destabilising questions and their social difficulty to coexist with others in a democratic society? I leave it to everyone to think about it, whether being one of those individuals or not.

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chocolate Jesus

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Untitled photograph (nude 2) by Christos Stavrou © 2008

I wish I could send you a chocolate Jesus, maybe that abandoned one which they failed to exhibit last year in New York… But in the end, I guess you’ll be equally satisfied with few mint chocolates in a box and a photograph of an almost chocolate body… It is my easter present of course. Chocolates and one sudden thought, if my bath is running hot enough, make me realise that you are always around here.

* * *

“How did beauty begin? Earth-cult, suppressing the eye, locks man in the belly of mothers. There is, I insist, nothing beautiful in nature. Nature is primal power, coarse and turbulent. Beauty is our weapon against nature; by it we make objects, giving them limit, symmetry, proportion. Beauty halts and freezes the melting flux of nature.” (from the book Sexual Personae by C. Paglia © 1990).

* * *

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About a kiss and a bullet (authenticity & social relations)

the kiss

doisneau_hotelkiss_498.jpg

How does it feel to know that one of the most romantic images ever made was staged? The famous ‘Kiss by the Hôtel de Ville’ by Robert Doisneau, captured in Paris in 1950, was no other but a manufactured image. Alas, this was revealed by its creator himself in a court trial in the 1990s when, in mid of controversy, Françoise Bornet, a former actress and the woman who was featured with her boyfriend in the photo, sued Doisneau for $18,000 and a share of the royalty in the image.

Her case was dismissed. Doisneau died the next year in 1994. But in the end, few years later, Ms. Bornet sold her original print of the photograph for over $200,000 at an auction (BBC News 25/4/2005) while the rights still remain with Doisneau’s agency.

So does it still feel an iconic image to you, a quintessential Parisian image of passion, a symbol of romantic spontaneity and  desire?

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At twelve

Sally_Man_attwelve_p38_500.jpg

“In the early fall, I drank coffee with several generations of the Conner family, the close air of their kitchen settling across my shoulders like a shawl. I explained what I was doing and, as so often happened, their initial suspicion gave way gradually to caution and then to curiosity and a guarded acceptance. They agreed that I could photograph Kelly.

At dawn at the first day of hunting season they called where the deer were beheaded and hung. As I set up the camera, Kelly appeared, buttoned up, accompanied by her mother, her aunt and uncle, her grandparents, cousins, and a few other family members. Arrayed behind me, they remained watchful and intent.

As I pulled her jacket back, to separate her white-shirted figure from the darkness of the shed, I thought I might have heard a murmur. After few minutes I relaxed enough to identify the prevalence of the V shapes in the scene and without thinking I asked Kelly to spread her legs. This time the murmur was audible, but I could see that the picture was complete.”

Text and photograph (above) by Sally Man; from her book ‘At Twelve. Portraits of young women’ (© 1988, Aperture Foundation).

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